Over the years I’ve been exposed to sitting in on the tail end of many students lessons and have observed what they were learning. These occurrences allowed for a new educational experience. It gave me an ability to learn music by only thinking and not implementing.
Learning to read music takes understanding of a basic framework. Music is a language that can be understood in mathematical relationships that convey several meanings. The note itself conveys two simple aspects and is the place we start to learn to read music.
Once you know the notes it becomes second nature and going back to the basic idea of notes to explain to the new student requires being able to get to the real basic ideas. Here is a general explanation or overview of the note concept. I find it to be a bit basic yet complicated to simplify the concept.